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The only real difference in my opinion is recoil. If you want slightly less recoil go with the 270. Either one will work fine on deer and elk.
No real choice on this Without a doubt go for the 30-06 they both use the same brass and the bullet selection for the 06 is way greater than the 270, resulting in a more versatile gun
Everyone is talking about better bullet choice with the '06. There's only one bullet you need with the .270, the 140gr Accubond