It's subjective for sure, but I aim dead on if any part of the fish breaks the surface; and a foot low for each foot of perceived depth. About four feet down is the deepest I'll try, and it feels REALLY weird holding that far below. I use my 1980-era Hoyt-Easton Gamegetter II, a compound with around 2" diameter wheels (it was my first hunting bow). can't remember weight, but it's in that 40-50 range. I like the solid fiberglass fishing arrow. Most larger sporting goods stores and any bow shop should be able to set you up with a fairly cheap kit.