My brief characterization is based on your location (Spokane)- if there's another region that you want to know about, let me know. A lot of this holds true for North Idaho, as well.
Creeping Oregon-grape, ocean-spray, mallow nine-bark (post-fire shoots), mountain alder, star-flowered false-Solomon's seal, wild rose (especially Woods' rose), tall snowberry (winter or spring, not as preferred), serviceberry, willow, black cottonwood, redstem ceanothus, huckleberry, lupines, arnicas, western redcedar (winter), Douglas-fir (winter), sedges, grasses (spring-summer, but bunchgrasses are often browsed in fall as well in dry openings). Arboreal lichens like witches' hair (Bryoria, Alectoria) or lettuce lichens (Lobaria) become critical "top of snowpack" foods in late winter.
Keep in mind whitetailed deer in the inland Northwest love winter wheat, garbanzo beans, and oilseed crops (and weeds like bindweed in those fields).
You can use the Burke Museum website to look up these plants and lichens.
https://www.burkeherbarium.org/imagecollection/ Some good references: (access through Google Scholar)
Hull, I.T., Shipley, L.A., Berry, S.L., Loggers, C. and Johnson, T.R., 2020. Effects of fuel reduction timber harvests on forage resources for deer in northeastern Washington. Forest Ecology and Management, 458, p.117757.
Keay, J.A. and Peek, J.M., 1980. Relationships between fires and winter habitat of deer in Idaho. The Journal of Wildlife Management, pp.372-380.
I hope that helps!
