Refering to training my labs: I have mostly white retriever dummies but I do have some blk/wht, blaze orange and three chartreuse or flo green as some people call it. Dogs have to 'hunt' for the blaze orange dummy even when it's obvious to me but the chartreuse ones must stick out like light bulbs to them. Even after dark, I can throw the chartreuse dummies and they cannot be seen at all by me but the dogs find them without a hitch. The blaze orange ones take some hunting wth their noses. I've even hid the dummies and the dogs are not aware of any dummies being out there. When I send them in a direction, the chartreuse dummies are immediately spotted even when they're running past the blaze orange ones.
I believe they're color blind but I also believe they see certain colors differently than we do. Knowing this, I will not put chartreuse fletching on any of my arrows.