I clean the heck out of my muzzleloader, first with patches and muzzleloader solvent, and then with hot soapy water in the tub. I remove the breech plug and nipple and clean both thoroughly. The breech threads should be cleaned with the type of brush sold for that purpose. I reassemble the rifle (hand tightness on the breech plug and nipple!), using T/C thread compound. I then put several drops of household 3-in-1 oil on a patch, and run it a number of times up and down the bore with the ramrod. I follow that up with a dry patch or two to remove excess oil. I then lightly oil all exposed metal on the gun, and put it away in a clean, dry case. I usually shoot again in a few months, just because I can't keep away from shooting my old Knight Bighorn! (And I do shoot a few times from the bench check zero periodically, but I try to shoot as much as possible from field positions like seated, kneeling, from shooting sticks, etc.) Happy winter to all!